Aktivita České společnosti entomologické v kauze „Zkušební plochy technického vývoje Skoda Auto a.s.: záměr umístění zkušebního polygonu do bývalého Vojenského výcvikového prostoru Mladá (střední Čechy, Česká republika)“ – 2. část

Abstrakt: The Military Training Area of Mladá (situated close to the town of Milovice, 50°14'N, 14°52′E, with the area of 58 km², 202–256 m a.s.l.) was established in 1904 and had been in use until 1990. Nowadays, it is in the state ownership. For almost a century, the area was free of any large-scale economic activities, including agrichemical impacts. Thanks to that, a mosaic of valuable woodland as well as open (forest steppe, meadow and steppe) habitats has been preserved here. From the biological point of view, it is a unique set of lowland habitats, the only one of its kind in the Czech Republic. The former Mladá MTA has been accessible only since 1991, after the withdrawal of the Soviet Army. So far, no systematic zoological research has been carried out here, with some exceptions. However, the available fragmentary data obtained during one decade give clear evidence that this area is especially when considering its size a supraregionally important refuge of environmentally sensitive species of animals. Of the Specially Protected Species listed in the Czech legislation, seven critically endangered, 17 severely endangered and more than 37 endangered animal species and five plant species have been recently found here, as well as 15 animal species and two plant species belonging to the „NATURA 2000 species“. Some very important faunistic findings have also been made in this area, including two species known in the Czech Republic and nine species known in Bohemia only from the Mladá MTA. Following the update version of the national Red List of Vascular Plants, one critically threatened species, two strongly threatened species, ten threatened species, and ten rare or scattered species were found in the area, requiring further study and monitoring of their occurrence. The Škoda Auto company, based in Mladá Boleslav and being a part of the Volkswagen concern, has been planing to construct a car-testing polygone of about 470 ha in the former Mladá MTA which would include large changes of public road network. The course of events concerning the case between August 2002 and November 2003 is reviewed. Activities of the Czech Entomological Society during the process are mentioned, all official documents issued by the Society dealing with the case in the above period are presented. These activities were concentrated on the effort to induce negotiation with the Ministry of Environment, on the process of permit granting (exceptions to the act concerning Specially Protected Species) and on the effort to achieve designation of a temporarily protected area. Attention is paid also to the results of mapping of NATURA 2000 habitat types in the former MTA of Mladá.

Klíčová slova: Czech Entomological Society, Škoda Auto company, Volkswagen concern, nature conservation versus economic interests, former Military Training Area Mladá, Czech Republic, Central Europe